HOSPITAL

Basic life support - represents the measures taken by the rescuer to ensure the vital functions of the victim without the help of medical equipment and aims to ensure a minimum of oxygenation of...

THE SEQUENCES OF BASIC LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATION Ø  Primary assessment Ø  Ensuring the freedom of the airways Ø  External chest compressions (ECC) Ø  Artificial ventilation with ...

BREATHING CHECK Ø  Keeping the airway open, the rescuer tries to determine if the victim is breathing normally using the "PAS" method. Ø  Look at the expansions of the chest Ø  Listen...

SIDE SAFETY POSITION Ø  The rescuer kneels to the side of the victim who is lying on his back and with his pelvic limbs extended. Ø  The arm on the side of the rescuer is positioned at ...

Ø  Keep the airway open. Ø  Pinch the victim's nose. Ø  Inhale deeply. Ø  Try to apply the victim's lips as tightly as possible. ...

MOUTH TO NOSE VENTILATION Ø  If mouth-to-mouth ventilation is difficult. Ø  If the mouth is seriously injured. Ø  Resuscitation is done by a child. Ø  Aesthetic reasons....

CARDIO-RESPIRATORY RESUSCITATION WITH 2 RESCUERS Positioning: Ø  a rescuer on the left side of the victim; Ø  the second rescuer on the right side of the victim. Changing ...

The respiratory system consists of: the extrapulmonary airways/airways and lungs.

Obstruction of the airways endangers the patient's life, urgent action must be taken to release the airways. ...

MOUTH TO MASK VENTILATION -        Allows the enrichment of the inhaled air in oxygen -        Aesthetic reasons -        Decreases the potential for infections ...

Tracheal intubation is considered to be the safest method to ensure the airway and to achieve mechanical ventilation in the case of a patient in cardiorespiratory arrest, as well as in other ...

PREPARATION FOR ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION Vacuum cleaner ready and functionalYankauer rigid probeFlexible suction probe An intubation cannula of suitable size for the patient will be chosenTwo ...

• It will not be performed if the patient is not properly sedated

• If the medical staff is not qualified in performing intubation, the patient’s ventilation will be by mask an balloon.

STAGES...

Steps -        The rescuer kneels to the side of the victim who is supine and with the pelvic limbs extended. -        The arm on the side of the rescuer is positioned at right angles to ...

OBSTRUCTION OF THE UPPER AIRWAY WITH A FOREIGN BODY Definition: -        Airway obstruction means blocking the airway with a food bowl or foreign body. Causes: -        Foreign ...

AIRWAY CLEARANCE IN CONSCIOUS CHILDREN Mild incomplete obstruction the patient may be: conscious, coughs effectively and shows wheezing between coughing fits;the victim will be encouraged to...

AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION IN THE INFANT v If the infant is able to breathe and cough, the infant will be allowed to cough without initiating unobstructive maneuvers. v If the obstruction persists ...

Medical emergency is a disease that seriously affects the body's vital functions, thus endangering the patient's life.

For example, acute myocardial infarction seriously affects the ...

Local action – drugs must be applied with the help of substances that act for as long as possible on the place where they were applied.

General (systemic) action – means that the drugs ...

The route of drug administration is understood as the way in which certain medicinal substances are introduced into the body. The route of administration is chosen by the doctor according to:

...

Parenteral route

The routes of drug administration created by tissue penetration are called parenteral routes. Parenteral administration allows obtaining systemic effects (intravenous, ...

The local path

·  the nasal route - allows obtaining local effects, and in certain situations it can also be approached with the idea of ​​obtaining systemic effects, because the nasal ...

For the administration of the medicines, the patient must be informed, asked (about possible medicinal substances to which he is allergic) after which he must cooperate in order to administer the...

The reserve of emergency medication can be found in the emergency room at the family doctor's office, but also in all other departments of a hospital. In the table below you will find some ...

Fitting the peripheral venous catheter for infusions consists of puncturing a peripheral vein, under strict asepsis conditions, and administering medicinal solutions, intermittently or ...

Therapeutic indications

- hydration and electrolyte intake;

- parenteral nutrition;

- medication intake;

- transfusion with blood and blood derivatives.

Indications for diagnosis

...

Patient preparation

- the patient is identified;

- they are informed about the importance and duration of the procedure and possibly about the aspects related to immobilization;

- as a ...

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT Maintaining the temperature within normal limits is a necessity of the body to constantly maintain the balance between thermogenesis (heat production) and ...

MATERIALS NEEDED FOR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT WITH A CLASSIC THERMOMETER

-        Thermometer;

-        Container with disinfected solution - alcohol or chloramine 1%;

-        Renal t...

Measuring the pulse is an important technique that every nurse must know how to write down and evaluate, because its variations play an important role in diagnosis, but also in the evolution of ...

PATIENT PREPARATION FOR PULSE MEASUREMENT

·         The technique is explained and consent and collaboration are obtained;

·         Physical and mental rest is ensured for 10-15 minutes ...

Blood pressure (BP) represents the pressure exerted by the blood on the arterial walls.

PURPOSE OF  B.P. MEASUREMENT

·    Assessment of cardiovascular function;

·    Appreciation of ...

MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE WITH MANUAL TENSIOMETER

-        The medical assistant washes his hands with soap and water;

-        Check if the cuff contains air and remove it by opening ...

NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE RESULTS

Indicative values:

·       6-9 years - between 100/65 mmHg - and 119/79 mmHg;

·       10-13 years - between 110/65mmHg - and 124/84 mmHg;

·       14-17 ...

Breathing measurement can be an indication for establishing the diagnosis, following the evolution of the disease, preventing or identifying complications, but also the prognosis of the disease....

TYPES OF BREATHING

·       Upper rib breathing – found in women by raising the upper part of the chest;

·       Lower costal breathing – found in men by increasing the lateral diameter of...

PATIENT PREPARATION FOR BREATHING MEASUREMENT

·       Important: the patient is not notified when the breath measurement technique is performed because the patient can influence the number of ...

RESULTS

·       Under 10 breaths per minute – bradypnea;

·       Above normal limits - tachypnea;

GENERAL ASSESSMENT

·       We observe the patient's general condition and supervise ...

MEASUREMENT OF OXYGEN SATURATION - PULSE OXIMETRY

Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method for monitoring the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in a person's blood (SO2).

Although the value of...

CAPILLARY PUNCTURE

Capillary puncture involves the sampling of capillary blood for laboratory analysis (hemoglobin, blood sugar measurement) for punctures.

ELECTION PAPERS FOR CAPILLARY ...

MEASURING GLUCOSE WITH THE GLUCOMETER

Glucotest is an assistance test system for investigating blood glucose levels.

It is used especially by patients with diabetes at home, but also in ...

USED TECHNIQUE

·       The medical assistant washes and disinfects his hands;

·       He puts on disposable gloves;

·       Before taking a blood sample from the fingertip, the ...

Therapeutic monitoring represents the careful observation of vital functions through periodic or continuous evaluation, by following physiological parameters through fast, frequent ...

From a technical point of view, monitoring is a process composed of 5 basic components:

(1) signal generation;

(2) data acquisition;

(3) data transmission;

4) data processing;

(5) ...

Advanced/invasive monitoring, referred to in the Anglo-Saxon literature as "management monitoring", represents all the specialized means used in addition to the standard means, when the ...

The postoperative period is part of what is recognized today as part of perioperative medicine, and from the anesthetist's point of view, the patient must continue to be monitored to the same ...

Patients who require cardiopulmonary resuscitation most often have an obstructed airway due to the posterior fall of the base of the tongue secondary to loss of consciousness or sometimes as a ...

In the unconscious patient, breathing is evaluated after releasing the airway using the formula: "Look, Listen, Feel" which means:

- look at the expansion of the chest,

- listen to ...

The basic management of the airway is done through the simple maneuvers already presented in the chapter dedicated to cardiopulmonary resuscitation:

-        Hyperextension of the head and ...

Oxygen therapy is a therapeutic intervention for the administration of a greater amount of oxygen than that in the atmosphere.

Indications:

- hypoxemia;

- respiratory and circulatory ...

Required materials:

- oxygen source: wall outlet, portable device, concentrated oxygen bottle or liquid oxygen unit;

- bubbler or humidifier – for O2 humidification;

- flow meter – an ...

Evaluation of the results:

It is done in relation to the following parameters:

- coloring of the skin and mucous membranes;

- the characteristics of breathing;

- gas and arterial ...

It is a maneuver performed for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes both in the hospital and in the ambulatory, allowing gastric aspiration and evacuation of the stomach.

Materials required:

...

Technique :

-  explaining the maneuver to the conscious patient

-  removal of dental prostheses

-  choosing a probe of suitable caliber and its lubrication

-  measuring ...

The survey of the urinary bladder is the maneuver of emptying it with the help of a probe. This procedure is performed to remove urine retention, to monitor diuresis, preoperatively or ...

In men, the longer length of the urethra and the presence of the prostate force the use of certain probes and maneuvers:

-  Washing the glans and foreskin with soap and water and ...

Directions

-  acute urinary retention (post-operative, prostate adenoma, neurogenic, urethral strictures)

-  endoscopic explorations of the urethra, bladder and ureters

-  surgical ...

Tracheobronchial aspiration consists in removing secretions from the trachea and bronchi by inserting a probe connected to the aspirator either through the oral cavity or through the nasal ...

Guidelines

- check the patient's vital signs (P., R., T.A.), respiratory sounds (wheezing, draft, stertorous breathing) and general condition to be able to compare with his condition after ...

Participation of the medical assistant in the procedure - wash hands and put on protective equipment;

- the face mask is put on;

- the procedure is explained to the patient even if he is ...

Indications

- spontaneous pneumothorax in which the pleural detachment is the first indication for mounting a pleural drain to suck the air contained between the 2 pleural sheets;

- ...

Placement of a pleural drain is performed urgently, which requires storing the necessary materials in one place, accessible and known by the entire medical team.

For local anesthesia:

- 20 ...

Patient preparation

- informing the patient about the immediate benefits of drainage;

- explanation of the procedure;

- obtaining informed consent;

- creating a climate of trust and...

Placing the drain:

- the patient is seated in a comfortable position;

- the nurse offers the doctor the sterile compress soaked in the antiseptic solution for performing terminal asepsis ...

Correct management of an open chest wound is critical as inadequate sealing of these wounds through the incorrect use of dressings or occlusive devices or the application of a dressing that ...

Hemostasis is the complex process by which bleeding is stopped following damage to a blood vessel.

Recognizing the type of hemorrhage is very important for establishing intervention methods.

H...

In hemorrhages there are two groups of symptoms:

         a) local, external symptoms, help to identify the type of hemorrhage, arterial, venous or capillary

         b) General symptoms, ...

After identifying the type of hemorrhage, arterial, venous, capillary, a position is ensured that increases the amount of blood, and implicitly of oxygen, to vital organs, brain, kidneys, liver,...

ÎNGRIJIREA OMULUI BOLNAV ȘI A OMULUI SĂNĂTOS, FLORIAN CHIRU, GABRIELA CHIRU, LETIȚIA MORARIU, EDITURA CISON, BUCUREȘTI 2012              

URGENŢELE  MEDICO - CHIRURGICALE, LUCREŢIA TITIRCĂ, ...