The local path
The local path
· the nasal route - allows obtaining local effects, and in certain situations it can also be approached with the idea of obtaining systemic effects, because the nasal mucosa is more permeable than the intestinal one. In order to manifest the topical effect, the nasal route is useful in rhinitis, inflammation, local infections, applying decongestants: camphor, volatile oils, menthol, etc.
· the inhalation or pulmonary route - presents a remarkable efficiency due to the large interaction surface, the increased permeability of the alveolar epithelium and the intense blood irrigation. in such conditions, a rapid bisensual exchange between alveolar air and blood is achieved. Inhalational administration of drugs aims to obtain local and, less often, systemic effects.
· the conjunctival pathway - aims to achieve local effects in miosis, mydriasis, reduction of intraocular pressure, decongestant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial effect.
· the skin route – is used for action:
- local, in dermatological conditions (antipruritic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, keratoplasty and keratolytic drugs);
- reflex, with general beneficial effects (methyl salicylate, sinapisms, etc.);
- general, in modern TTS forms (transdermal therapeutic devices), with programmed and prolonged release of the active substance.
- vaginal route – aims to obtain various local effects: antibacterial, antifungal, antipruritic, correction of morphological changes in the vaginal mucosa, pregnancy prevention.